CNC refer to control of a machine or a process using symbolic codes consisting of characters and numerals .The numerical control system known as computer numerical control (CNC) uses a dedicated computer that is integrated into the control to carry out both simple and complex NC functions. Because the majority of their control functions are implemented by the control software programmes, CNC controls are also known as soft wired NC systems. CNC is a computer assisted process to control general purpose machines from instructions generated by a processor and stored in a memory system. 

Some Advantages of CNC are:

• Except for the occasional requirement for maintenance, CNC machines can be operated continuously.

• These machines require less skilled people to operate, unlike manual lathes/milling machines etc.

• CNC machines can be updated by improving the software used to drive the machines.

• Training for the use of CNC machines can be done through the use of “virtual software”.

• The manufacturing process can be simulated virtually and there is no need to make a prototype or a model. This saves time and money.

• Once programmed, these machines can be left and do not require any human intervention, except for work loading and unloading.

• These machines can manufacture several components to the required accuracy without any fatigue as in the case of manually operated machines.

• Savings in time that could be achieved with the CNC machines are quite significant.

•  Better control of the tool motion under optimum cutting conditions.

• Improved part quality and repeatability.

• Reduced tooling costs, tool wear, and job setup time.

• Reduced time to manufacture parts. 

• Reduced scrap.

• Better production planning and placement of machining operations in the hand of engineering.

• To manufacturing complex curved geometries in 2D and 3D was costly by mechanical means (which usually would require complex jig to control the cutter motion).

• Machining components with high repeatability and precision.

• Unmanned machining operations.

• To improve production planning and to increase productivity.

• To survive in global market CNC machine are must to achieve close tolerances

Q1.What is the full form of CNC ?

Ans.The full form o CNC is "computer numerical control".

Q2.What is CNC engineering?

Ans.High-quality components are produced using CNC machining, a manufacturing method that makes use of CAD and subtractive machining technologies.

Q3.Is CNC a good career?

Ans.The best job you've never heard of is CNC machining. It offers intriguing work, good long-term employment prospects, and good income.

Q4.What is G code in CNC?

Ans.The most popular programming language for computer numerical control (CNC) in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is called G-code (also known as RS-274).

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for digital manufacturing tools?

Ans.Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.To join as an intern visit www.abhyaz.com and you can apply there.

A robot system comprises of:

• Actuators

• Robot

• Robot controllers

• End effectors-

• Manipulators

• Sensors

• Position-er

End effectors is an object that can be mounted directly or indirectly on the robot turning disk or fitted in a fixed position within the robot's working range. Each end effectors that can be used by the robot must be measured and stored in order to achieve accurate positioning of the tool center points

there are two types of end effectors.

• Grippers- To grasp and manipulate objects during operation, such as pick and place, assembly, and machine tending, mechanical, vacuum and adhesive type of grippers are available.

• Tools-To perform processes, such are arc and spot welding, painting, de-burring, and polishing, arc welding torch, spot welding gun, spray painting nozzles, grinding wheels are available. All tools must be defined with a TCP.

The robot's capacity to move its body, arm, and wrist is provided by the drive system or actuator which is used to power the robot. The drive system determines the robot's speed of operation, load carrying capacity, and its dynamic performance. To some extent, the drive system determines the kinds of application also.

commercially available industrial robots powered by one of three types of drive system

• Hydraulic drive

• Electric drive

• Pneumatic drive

Robot sensors measure robot configuration or condition and its environment and send such information to the robot controller as electronic signals.

There are mainly two types of sensors.

(i) Internal sensors-Internal sensors are responsible for the internal working of the robot and used for closing the loop in feedback control

(ii) External sensors- External sensors are responsible for interaction with the environment. A robot can use external sensors for interaction with the environment. If any of these sensors fail, the robot can still function but its ability to interact with the external sensors world is reduced.

Robot sensors measure robot configuration or condition and its environment and send such information to the robot controller as electronic signals.

The following are the primary functions of a robot controller:

• User interface.

• Data storage.

• Motion planning.

• Real-time control of joints motion.

• Sensor data acquisition.

• Interaction and synchronization with other machine.

• Interaction with other computational resources.

Types of robot control system

There are many types of control systems.

(i) Limited sequence control- Pick and place operations using mechanical positions.

(ii) Playback with point-to-point control- Records work cycle as a sequence of points, then plays back the sequence during program execution.

(iii) Playback with continuous path control- Greater memory capacity and Interpolation capability to execute paths in addition to points.

(iv) Intelligent control- Exhibits behavior that makes it appear intelligent.

you know Robot programming is a set of instructions or coded commands that tell a mechanical device and electronics system what task to perform and control its actions without human intervention.

Robot programming is the defining of desired motions, also includes interpreting sensors data, actuating the end effectors, sending to the equipment in the cell, receiving data from devices and making computations and decisions.

Types of robot Programming

Different types of robot programming are

(i) Online programming- Online programming uses robots to generate the program. It teaches or guides the robot through a sequences of motions that can be executed repeatedly.

(ii) Offline programming- Offline programming writes a program using a text-based robot programming language.It does not need access to the robot until its final testing and implementation.

(iii) combination programming- Combination programming is a combination of offline and online programming. It uses online programming to teach locations in space, and offline programming to define the task or sequences of the operations.

The workspace also called as work envelope of the robot manipulator is defined as the volume in space that a robot end-effectors can reach. The workspace limits are due to the total reach of the combined robot links. The workspace limits are also due to the specific joints limits of each joint.

Depending on the configuration and size of the links and wrist joints, robots can reach a collection of points called a workspace.

Alternately, workspace perhaps found, by moving each joint through its range of motions and combining all the space it can reach and subtracting what space it cannot reach.

There are three types of work envelop

• Maximum envelope

• Restricted envelope

• Operating envelope

Kinematics studies the motion of bodies without consideration of the forces or moments that produce the motion. Robot Kinematics refers to the analytical study of the motion of a robot manipulator

There are two types of robot kinematics-

• Forward Kinematics- Calculating the position and orientation of the end-effectors in terms of joint variable is called forward kinematics. You can find the position of any points(x,y and z coordinates) using forward kinematics.

• Inverse Kinematics- Calculating each joint variable, If the end effectors I needed to obtain the position and orientation is called inverse kinematics. You can find the angles of each joint needed to obtain the position using the inverse kinematics.

Q.1 What are robots made of?

Ans. Robot arms are typically made of raw materials like steel, aluminum and cast iron.

Q2. How do robots learn things?

Ans. Roughly speaking, robots can learn new things in three ways: under complete supervision, under no supervision, or somewhere between the two.

Q3. How have robots changed the way we work?

Ans. Robots can improve efficiency and quality, reduce costs, and even help create more jobs for their human counterparts.

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for Robotics?

Ans. Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.

Robots have revolutionized the industrial workplace since their arrival in the industrial field. Most of the robots do accurate tasks and fall into then categories.

• Arc welding- In the 1980s, arc welding (also known as robot welding) became popular. One of the main reasons for transitioning to robot welding is to protect workers from arc burns and toxic gases.

• Spot welding- Spot welding combines two contacting metal surfaces by passing a significant current across the spot, melting the metal and forming the weld in a short amount of time (approximately ten milliseconds).

• Material handling- Robot used to move, pack, and select products, material handling.

• Machine tending- Machine tending includes loading and unloading raw materials into machinery for processing, as well as monitoring the machine while it performs its tasks.

• painting- Robotic painting is utilized in the automotive industry and many other industries to improve product quality and accuracy.

• Picking, packaging and palletization- Picking and packaging by robots improves speed and accuracy while cutting manufacturing costs.

• Assembly- Robots commonly construct things, removing time-consuming and exhausting processes. Robots boost productivity while lowering costs.

• Mechanical cutting, grinding, Deburrig and polishing-Robots with dexterity provide a manufacturing option that would otherwise be impossible to automate.

• Gluing, Adhesive sealing and spraying.

• Other processes including Inspection, Water jet cutting and soldering.

Robot anatomy deals with the study of various joints and links and alternative aspects of the manipulator's physical construction. Anatomy of six axes vertically articulated robots divided into two sections with different functions. 

Robot anatomy deals with the study of different joints, links and other aspects of the manipulator's physical construction. There are some types of industrial robot based on anatomy.

• SCARA 4 axes robot-SCARA (Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm) robots with four axes provide a circular work envelope with a wide range of motion for increased versatility. SCARA robots have a four-axis design that mimics the action of a human arm.

• Five axes mini robot-An articulated robot is a five-axis robot. A robotic manipulator is attached to a rotating base in its configuration, which is common 

 of industrial robots.

• ARISTO 6 axes robot- ARISTO is a 6-axis articulated robotic arm that can carry a payload of 2.5kg. Pneumatic or vacuum grippers are available for ARISTO.

Robots can be classified into two types:

1.Base Robots

 (i) Fixed base robots (ii) mobile robots

2.Body and arm assembly

(i) Cartesian robots.

(ii) Cylindrical robots.

(iii) Spherical robots

(iv) SCARA robots

(v) Articulated robots

Each robot wrist assembly has two or three degrees of freedom. Typical three degree-of-freedom wrist joints in the below picture.

• The roll joint is accomplished by use of a T-joints.

• A second R-joint is used to achieve the yaw joint, which provides right and left motion.

• The pitch join is achieved by recourse to an R-joint.

A frame or coordinate system defines a plane or space by axes from a fixed point called origin.Robots targets and positions are located by measurements along the axes of coordinates system

A robot uses several frames or coordinate systems,each suitable for specific types of programming.

• Base coordinate system-The base coordinate system has its zero point in the base of the robot,which makes movements predictable for fixed-mounted robots.It is useful for jogging a robot from one position to another.

• Work object coordinate system-The work object coordinate system corresponds to the workplace. It defines the placement of the work piece with the world coordinate system (or any other coordinate system).It is defined in two frames-(i) User frame (ii) Object frame

• Tool coordinate system- The tool coordinate system has its zero position at the center point of the tool. It thereby defines the position and orientation of the tool.

• World coordinate system- The world coordinate system has its zero point on a fixed position in the cell or station.This makes it practical for managing many robots or robots that are manipulated by outside axes.

• User coordinate system- The user coordinate system can be used for representing equipment like fixtures and workbenches. This gives an extra level to the chain of coordinate system, which might be useful for handing equipment that holds work objects or other coordinate systems.

The tool center point (TCP) is the point in relation to all defined robot positioning. Usually the TCP is defined as the relative position on the manipulator turning disk. The tool center point also constitutes the origin of the tool coordinate system. Note that the robot system can handle a number of TCP definitions, but only one can be active at any one time.

Two basic types of TCPs are

• moving TCP

• stationary TCP

Robot sensors measure robot configuration or condition and its environment and send such information to the robot controller as electronic signals

A robot controller's core roles are:

• User interface

• Data storage

• Motion planning

• Real-time control of joints' motion

• sensor data acquisition

• Interaction and synchronization with other machine.

• Interaction with other computational resources

It is well-known that, dependency on robots is increasing day by day in industrial field. Robotics is the need of the hour in many fields. If you belong to the mechanical and robotics engineering field and you want to start a career in this field. Abhyaz offers a skill development program as well as an internship program where you can obtain more hands-on experience.

Q1. How do robots behave?

Ans. Robots are machines with pre-programmed movements that can move in specific directions or sequences.

Q2. What is Robotic Automation?

Ans. It is a method of automation in which a machine acts like a human to complete a task according to a set of rules.

Q3. Which was the first industrial robot?

Ans."Uni mate" was the first industrial robot. It was designed by George Devol, an American inventor, in 1950 and first used in 1954.

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for Robotics?

Ans. Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.

• First generation Robot (1950's -1960's)- Gorge Devol designed first programmable robot and gave the term Universal Automation in 1954.

• Second generation Robot (1970's)- Unimtion developed the Puma (Programmable universal machine for Assembly) robot with the help of General Motors design support in 1978.

• Third generation Robot (1980's)-During the third generation, the robot experienced a phase of rapid growth.

• Fourth generation Robot (1995- Present)- Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drives a second growth for research and start-up companies. The fourth-generation robots include IROBOTS, Robot Surgeon, Co-bot, IBM Watson, Robonaut 2 and Humanoid Robots.

1. A robot may not harm a human or, through inaction, allow a human to come to harm.

2. A robot must obey the orders given by human beings, except when such orders

 conflict with First Law .

3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as its does not conflict with the First and Second.

• We used robots when jobs that is dangerous for humans.

• Robots are also used for repetitive tasks that would be difficult, boring, or labour-intensive for humans.

• Robotics are typically utilized in the manufacturing sector to fabricate, finish, transfer, and assemble products.

• Industrial Robots

• Domestic and House-hold Robots.

• Medical Robots

• Service Robots

• Military Robots

• Entertainment Robots

• Space Robots

• Hobby and Competition Robots.

Q1. Why is robotics important in the future?

Ans. Machines and robots with the ability to learn could have an even wider range of uses. Robots that can adapt to their surroundings, learn new procedures, and change their behaviour in the future will be better suited to more complicated and dynamic activities. Robots have the potential to improve our lives in the long run.

Q2. How industrial robots increase productivity?

Ans. On almost every manufacturing line, industrial robots help to boost productivity and efficiency. They complete the same activity again and over again with no breaks. Industrial robots can operate at peak performance 24 hours a day, resulting in a significant improvement in productivity.

Q3. What do you understand by "humanoid robot"?

Ans. Humanoid robots are professional service robots that move and interact like humans. They add value, like all service robots, by automating duties in a way that saves money and increases productivity.

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for Robotics?

Ans. Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.

As we know, amongst the most recent technology to be had these days for programming are the ones which use digital simulation. Simulations with the usage of digital models of the operating surroundings and the robots themselves can provide benefits to each business enterprise and programmer. By the use of a simulation, expenses are reduced, and robots maybe programmed off-line, which removes any down-time for an meeting line. ARISTO SIM Simulation software program that permits the person to examine robotic functions, applications and programming offline

• It is Easy to use and simulate.

• This Application works in 3D environment.

• It is User-friendly teach pendant to program.

• The user can also simulate movements such as linear, circular, spline path generation and Joint and Cartesian movements.

• ARISTOSIM includes options like ability to import/ export CAD files in STEP format.

• Many choices of end effectors in the tool library.

• It has the feature of Formation of rectangular box, cylinder for work cell development.

• ARISTO Simulation software that enable the user to learn robot functions, applications and programming offline.

• ARISTO integrated into an FMS/ CIM set up and controlled via FMS/ CIM Software.

•  ARISTOSIM is a programming and simulation software for 6 axis articulated robot.

• ARISTO SIM Software includes a integral library of many applications like grinding, palletization, assembly, welding, de-burring , polishing, laser cutting etc.

• Tool path tracer (TOOL ON/OFF).

• It has the feature Machine status display.

• It avoids danger and loss of life.

• Conditions can be varied and outcomes investigated.

• We also investigate critical situations without any risk.

• cost effective and simulations perhaps sped up therefore behavior perhaps studied simply over a long period.

Q1. What are the benefits of offline programming?

Ans. Offline programming capabilities offer many advantages to industries, as described below.

• It has an easy and Flexible Programming environment.

• Downtime Reduction.

• Error decrease.

• Initial Investment.

• Skilled Labor.

Q2. What is the purpose of the robot program?

Ans. Robot software perform autonomous tasks. We use Several software systems and frameworks to make programming robots easier. Some robot software target at developing intelligent mechanical devices.Common tasks embrace feedback loops, control, path-finding, data filtering, locating and sharing data.

Q3. What are different robot programming methods?

Ans. However, by learning the three main methods of programming — teach, lead and offline — they can prepare for the introduction of almost any type of robotics technology. The teach technique is that commonest, with over 90 percent of industrial robots programmed this way.

Q4. What is robot programming?

Ans. Robot Programming is the identification and specification of a series of basic actions which, when executed in the specified order, attain some specific task or notice some specific process. Robot Programming is the shaping of desired motions, so the robot may perform them without human intervention.

• Various tools are available for designing programs.

• Program generation for PLCs, particular targets and PCs (using the PC as automaton with input and output card guidance).

• You can Supervise the creation of an application.

• You can also Simulate operational parts in 3D, as well as the creation of demonstration animation.

• Importing 3D designs (3D studio, AUTOCAD, SOLIDWORKS, SOLIDCONCEPTER, etc.).

• It offers a completely customizable environment.

• We also generate self-compacting executives for deployment of applications.

• There is a Choice of “Beginner / Expert” mode.

• Compression systems design.

• Consulting.

• Control systems design/Analysis.

• Data acquisition.

• Data analysis/Modeling.

• Education and Universities.

• Educational instruction.

• Hydraulics/Pneumatic systems.

• Process control/monitoring.

• Research and Development.

• Simulation.

• Test equipment/Instrumentation.

• PC compatible computer, with:- WINDOWS 98 SE or WINDOWS ME or WINDOWS 2000 orWINDOWS XP or WINDOWS 2003 or WINDOWS VISTA operating system

• Memory: 256 MB (depending on the operating system: the operating system itself may require more memory) and a graphics board with a resolution of at least 1024 x 768 pixels and a color depth of at least 65536 is required.

When you install AUTOMGEN, you can use it for free for a period of 40days.You must register your license within 40 days.To register your license, send IRAI:- the serial number printed on the label glued to the software box, other reference of your delivery note or order form,- the user code provided with the software indicating the PC where you have installed the product.You will then receive an enable code (also called validation code).The « License » option in the AUTOMGEN « File » menu , (Click on » Registering the license ») to check the status of your license and get a user code.

This is a more difficult technique. You must follow the steps outlined below in order to achieve satisfactory results.

1-Install AUTOMGEN on the target PC.

2- On the target PC, create a ".a8u" user code file and transfer it to the source PC (for example on a floppy disk).

3- on the source PC, select the « Move the license to another place »option,Dialogue box for moving a license.

4- on the source PC, click on « Read a user code from a file » and select the « .a8u » file that came from the target PC,

5- on the source PC click<<move the license>>.

6- On the source PC, click on « Save the validation code in a file »,recopy the generated « .a8v » file to the target PC.

Q1. How to install AUTOMGEN?

Ans. Place the AUTOMGEN CD-ROM in your CD-ROM drive if you're installing it from scratch. The installation process starts automatically. If this does not work, run the "Setup.exe" executable from the CD-ROM root directory.

Q2. Where we use AUTOMGEN?

Ans. AUTOMGEN software is a tool for the automation, supervision and simulation of 2D and 3D components running on a Windows PC.

Q3. What is the importance of automation?

Ans. Higher production rates and productivity, more efficient resource use, greater product quality, improved safety, shorter labor work weeks, and shorter factory lead times are all benefits typically attributed to automation..

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for digital manufacturing tools?

Ans. Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.

Robotics system integration is an adaptable technology employed in many industries, including  Medical and digital manufacturing industry.

We use MRobot software for programming robots to instruct the device to perform sure autonomous tasks. Specifically, it is the coded commands that tell a robot what tasks to perform by controlling its actions and movement. Robot software performs functions and automates functions.

Q1. What is software robotics?

Ans. Software robotics is the use of bot programs to automate computer tasks/ functions normally performed by individuals.

Q2. Is robot a machine or software?

Ans. A robot is a machine, especially one programmable by a computer.capable of carrying out a complicated series of actions automatically.

Q3. How many robot programming languages are there?

Ans. There are around 1500 robotic programming languages accessible worldwide.

Q4. Does the Abhyaz platform provide training for digital manufacturing tools?

Ans. Yes, Abhyaz provides training as well as internships to obtain more experience.